Personality an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Personality Introduction Puzzling people move all around us. You are one and I am one. Evidence to show that we are single, clearcut individuals is meager; in fact, a large number of studies indicate that each of us alters our personalities and behaves differently, depending upon circumstances. Apparently the same ability holds true regarding ourselves. We do all manner of quite bizarre things that don't fit together objectivelylike the good Christian tax-evaderbut these contradictions don't make us come apart or feel we are two different peopleinstead, I am just me, all one person. We see all parts of ourselves as fitting together; usually it is the mental patient, ironically, who detects the discrepancies, and they are quite worrisome to him. Need essay sample on "Personality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Personality theorists fall prey to the desire for unity for its own sake all the time. As one author has pointed out, for example, if a woman is sometimes fiercely independent and sometimes rather docile, the psychologist tends to lump these two behaviors together, concluding, for example, that she is actually quite independent and dominating, but to satisfy this need for domination, sometimes she must "pretend" to be docile (Mischel, 2001). This is pretty tricky reasoning. The point is that personality theorists to oversimplify; at least be aware of this as we discuss personality. Nonetheless, science cannot advance without some organization, and personality theories provide this structure, that is, something psychologists can at least "grab hold of" so they have some framework for discussion and experimentation. Personality is difficult to define for at least two reasons. For one, personality is differently defined by different theorists. Freud, for example, would have said that personality is made up of behavior patterns resulting from the handling of sexual and aggressive impulses during childhood. Others see the origins of behavior differently. The second difficulty is that personality is the ultimate in complexity and variability. How do we explain Mr. Jones, who is the following: a tax-evader, a shifty business operator during the week, a faithful and apparently sincere churchgoer on Sunday, a dynamo at work and very meek at home? What is personality? Any definition could give rise to legitimate complaints. But, in order to give the discussion some structure, a definition is needed: personality consists of relatively enduring behavior patterns that result in fairly consistent reactions to a number of different situations. Personality theory attempts to pinpoint specific types of people, determine what is responsible for producing that type of person, and make predictions about their behavior that will hold true most of the time. Background The Meaning of Personality Personality is a fascinating area of study, but a difficult concept to define. In this study, we define personality as the organization of an individual's distinguishing characteristics, attitudes, or habits; it includes the individual's unique ways of thinking, behaving, or otherwise experiencing the environment. The qualities that make up one's personality are relatively stable and organized into a totality. With this definition of personality in mind, we can identify four separate tasks that personality psychologists have addressed (Runyan, 2003). To analyze individual and group differences. Why are people different from each other? Are members of some groups more similar to each other than other groups? For example, are there personality dimensions that influence the way we experience life events such as the midlife transition? To understand particular individuals. Students tell us that this is a major reason that they take introductory psychology. They want to find out what makes peoplethemselves and others do the things they do. To study personality processes. There are many personality processes, including altruism and sex-role differences. For example, are masculinity and feminity dimensions of personality that influence behavior in predictable ways? To develop general theories of personality. Theories of personality are unified explanations for the totality of individual behavior. Discussion Research Issues in Personality Psychologists have approached these tasks using a wide variety of research methods (Craik, 2003). Knowledge about people's personalities can be obtained from their everyday conduct, as is the case in field studies. People also reveal themselves through the products of their imaginations, and this technique is used when personality tests known as projective tests are given to people. A straightforward approach to gathering personality data is to ask people to fill out self-report inventories about their characteristics. With this method, two risks are apparent: People may not be fully aware of what they are like; and if they are, they may wish to cover up some of the flaws they perceive. We gain information of a different sort about personality when we ask others for their impressions of specific people. This technique is known as the use of observer reports in research. Life histories, such as those biographies and autobiographies, and archival material provide a rich source of data on particular individuals for the study of personality. Clinical case histories, on which many of the major theories are based, fall into this category. The most carefully controlled information comes from behavior in laboratory studies of personality. Although control is maximized in laboratory studies, it is sometimes at the expense of naturalistic experiences. No single source of information about personality is the ideal, correct source. All these methods are important for obtaining information about personality. Published research on personality, however, relies heavily on self-report inventories and laboratory studies with limited samples of people. Between 1998 and 2002, 85% of the research published in major journals used these two methods, and approximately two thirds of the research used under-graduate samples (Craik, 2003). However, there has been a trend in recent years toward greater use of biographical material, sometimes referred to as psychobiography, in the study of personality (Alexander, 2003). Psychoanalytic Models of Personality According to psychoanalytic models of personality, people are born with psychic energy that is transformed and redirected during their normal course of development into complex human behavior. In the psychoanalytic view, the human mind is an active agent, with divisions that keep some material from entering conscious experience. We consider in detail psychoanalytic view, the human mind is an active agent, with divisions that keep some material from entering conscious experience. We consider in detail the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud and, to a lesser extent, other psychoanalytic perspectives. Freud's Psychosexual Theory Freud developed most of his theory through his studies of his patients, people who sought his help or were referred to him for help for psychological problems. These problems, he believed, were related to the ways that instinctual energy was channeled. For example, patients suffering from hysteria, a disorder in which physical symptoms are present without apparent organic basis, were suspected if allowing their sexual energy to build up without appropriately discharging (Freud, 1977). According to Freud, there are two sources of instinctual energy that "are the ultimate cause of all activity" (Freud, 1977). One instinct accounts for feelings and behavior related to self-preservation and preservation of the species, including sexual behavior; Freud called this the life instinct (eros). The other instinct, called the death instinct (thanatos), impels the person toward aggression and destruction (Freud, 1977). Most of Freud's work on personality was concerned with the life instinct. However, Freud's views in aggression and its place in civilization merit a slight digression. Primitive people, according to Freud, had no restrictions on the expressions of their instincts. Expression of sexual urges was not restricted by social norms and decorum. Contemporary civilized societies, however, place fairly rigid restrictions on sexual expression. We can only have intercourse in appropriate places and with certain people or we face severe social sanctions. Similarly, civilization limits expression of our aggressive instincts. Freud felt that aggression was a derivative of the death instinct, and that it could be channeled in two different directions. If directed toward the self, then the individual risks self-destruction. If directed away from the self, aggression is the result. Because of the instinct demands some kind of expression, a decrease in aggression increases the risk of self-destruction (Freud, 1977). Freud's views on aggression are controversial in a number of respects. For one thing, he tells us that civilization itself is part of our problem. Conclusion From a practical point of view, Freud's notion that aggression is an instinct that demands some kind of releaseinstead of a form of social behavior that can be increased or decreased through environmental circumstancesis especially controversial. Consider the case of television violence. If Freud's views are correct, then watching televised violence might actually be a good thing. People could reduce their aggressive instincts through catharsis, on relief of the emotions from viewing the experiences of others. Perhaps no aspect of everyday life is more common than watching television. In the average American household the television set is on more than 6 hours a day, and the average child between the ages of 2 and 11 watches it for about 3 hours daily. Estimates are that by high school graduation, the average American child will have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 15,000 hours watching television. Programs aimed specifically at children, such as Saturday morning cartoons, contain a great deal of violence. The National Institute of Mental Health's report on television and behavior estimates that children's weekend programs contain more violence than do prime-time shows (NIMH, 2002). Hundred of studies have examined the relationship between television violence and actual aggression among viewers. In one of these studies, more than 500 children in grades 1 through 5 participated in a short-term longitudinal study. Reference: Alexander, I. (2003). Personality, psychological assessment, and psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56, 265-294. Craik, F.I.M. (2003). Personality research methods: A Historical perspective. Journal of personality, 54, 18-51. Freud, S. (1977). Analysis of a phobia in five year old boy. In A Strachey " J. Strachey (Eds. And Trans.), (Vol. 10,pp. 165-305). New York: Penguin (Penguin Freud Library). Mischel, W. (2001). Continuity and change in personality. Amer. Psychol. 34:1012-1018. National Institute Mental Health (2002). Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties: Vol. 6. Summary report (DHHS Publication No. ADM 95-1195). Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office. Pervin, L.A. (2005). Personality: Current controversies, issues, and directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 83-114. Runyan, W.M. (2003). Progress in psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56, 295-326

Capital injections Essays

Capital injections Essays Capital injections Essay Capital injections Essay This regional newspaper was bought by Orkla in 1991 for 25m NOK (around   2m), and has with time proved to be a very good investment. The low price was due to the fact that at the time the newspaper was almost bankrupt and was suffering from a lack of advertising revenue. By 1995 the paper was making a huge profit, and Orkla received 1/3 of its invested capital in dividends. When the journalists failed to receive an increase in pay that reflected the situation, they went on a month long by-line strike, and in an open letter published in the paper they accused Orkla of being greedy, arrogant and with a huge appetite. The journalists claimed that the lack of capital remaining in the paper would lead to deteriorating standards, and these arguments were apparently given creed, as the profit from 1996 was left in the newspaper. 13 The last year however, the situation has changed. With the current recession in the world economy, the media companies, especially those dependent on advertising, are starting to feel the strain. Sunnmi rsposten is still operating with a profit, but this profit has not been big enough to satisfy Orklas demand of 15%. As a result, the paper had to cut 14 jobs this year. After negotiations with the trade unions, this was done through severance packages and early retirement, but the situation did cause the journalists to bring back the question of what kind of product Orkla actually wants. A-Pressen The first workmans newspaper Vort Arbeid was founded in 1884 and by 1928 there were 45 spread all over the country. 14 The majority of these papers were forced to close during the Second World War. This caused animosity towards the rest of the press, as newspapers with a more conservative line were allowed to continue publishing. In spite of this, the labour press resurfaced again after the war, and in 1948 they founded the company Norsk Arbeiderpresse AS. This centralisation proved to be very successful and helped the newspapers to get through the at times painful severance from its role as a mouthpiece for the Labour Party and movement in the 60s, 70s and 80s. 16 In the late 1980s, the co-operative was suffering from heavy losses, and was forced into reorganisation and cost cutting operations. This, together with capital injections from one of the main owners, the Federation of Norwegian Trade Unions (LO), helped to bring the situation around, and by 1992 it was operating at a profit again. In 1993 the co-operative went public, and in 1994 the name was changed to A-Pressen AS. A year later, it became independent of the Labour Party when the latter sold its shares (however, LO still owns 29,4%). 17 A-Pressen is today the third largest media company in Norway, and it holds a control stake in 45 local and regional newspapers, 42 of which are market leaders in their regions. It also owns 1/3 of TV2 as well as four local television companies18. In addition to this, it has small stakes in several other papers and local television stations, and states on its homepage that its goal is to become the major owner of local television. 19 In addition to its Norwegian operations, A-Pressen also owns printing and publishing facilities in Russia and in Ukraine. A-Pressen controls 20% of the daily print run, and looks for an 11% return from its assets. However, its papers are not faring too well at the moment. A consumer report published on the web site www. kampanje. com, showed that the company had lost 26 000 readers from 2001-2002. 20 Schibsted Schibsted was originally a family owned printing business, and is he oldest and largest of the three. Cristiania Adresseblad (later Aftenposten) was founded in 1860 as a means to exploit spare printing capacity, and soon became, and remains, the biggest selling broad sheet. It remained the familys only newspaper until 1966 when they took over VG, at the time a failing broad sheet, and turned it into a successful tabloid. By 1981 it was Norways biggest selling daily. 21 As the company grew in the 1980s, the need for reorganisation became evident. In 1988 it became a joint stock company and it went public in 1992. Schibsted was one of the instigators for the creation of TV2, and still owns 1/3 of this channel. It owns 100% of Aftenposten and VG, and has interests in most of the big regional papers, giving it a market share of 33% (however it also has strong links with other media groups, giving it a potential influence over 2/3 of the media). Other interests include publishing, printing, web portals, and the free newspaper 20 minutes. Their strategy is to strengthen and develop the established media, and at the same time ensure that new growth and development are achieved within the new media areas. 22 The Tinius Trust At Schibsteds annual meeting in 1996, the chairman of the Board, Tinius Nagell-Erichsen announced that he had founded the Tinius Trust, and put his 26,1% of the shares into Blommenholm Industrier AS to keep them together. He did this because he believed that the ownership of a newspaper was different from other kinds of industry ownership, and that the owners had a responsibility to ensure the values of their paper.

The History of Cheesecake and Cream Cheese

The History of Cheesecake and Cream Cheese According to anthropologists who have found cheese molds dating back to that period, cheese making can be traced back as far as 2,000 B.C. Cheesecake, however, is believed to have originated in ancient Greece. In fact, a form of cheesecake may have been served to the athletes during the first Olympic Games held in 776 B.C. to give them energy. Greek brides of the era also cooked and served cheesecake to their wedding guests. In The Oxford Companion to Food, editor Alan Davidson notes that cheesecake was mentioned in Marcus Porcius Catos De re Rustica around 200 BCE and that Cato described making his cheese libum (cake) with results very similar to modern cheesecake. The Romans spread the tradition of cheesecake from Greece across Europe. Centuries later, cheesecake appeared in America, with a variety of regional recipes brought over by immigrants. Cream Cheese When Americans think of cheesecake now, its most often associated with a product that has a cream cheese base. Cream cheese was invented in 1872 by American dairyman William Lawrence of Chester, New York, who accidentally stumbled on a method of producing cream cheese while trying to reproduce a French cheese called Neufchà ¢tel. In 1880, Lawrence began distributing his cream cheese in foil wrappers under the auspices of the Empire Cheese Company of South Edmeston, New York, where he manufactured the product. However, you might know it better by the more famous name Lawrence came up with for his not Neufchà ¢tel- Philadelphia Brand Cream Cheese. In 1903, the Phoenix Cheese Company bought Lawrences business- and with it, the Philadelphia trademark. In 1928, the brand was bought by the Kraft Cheese Company. James L. Kraft invented pasteurized cheese in 1912, which led to the development of pasteurized Philadelphia Brand cream cheese, currently the most popular cheese used for cheesecake making. Kraft Foods still owns and produces Philadelphia Cream Cheese today. Fast Facts: Cheesecake Favorites Traditional Greek Cheesecake- Most â€Å"traditional† Greek cheesecake is made using ricotta cheese, however, for the real deal, try to find authentic unsalted  anthotyros or myzirtha cheeses which are made with either goat’s or sheep’s milk. Greek cheesecake is usually sweetened with honey. Some recipes incorporate flour directly into the cheese/honey mixture prior to baking, while others employ a crust.Cream Cheese Cheesecake- The cheesecake most Americans grew up with is one or another version of a cream cheese cheesecake. At the bottom of such cheesecakes, you’ll usually find a crust made of crushed Graham crackers or other cookies (Oreos are a top choice for chocolate cheesecakes) that have been blended with butter and tamped into the bottom of a pan or mold. Cheesecakes that rely on a custard base must be baked. (The original New York Cheesecake that hails from Juniors on Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn is a baked cheesecake.) However, there are scads of recipes that use a blend of other rich ingredients- such as sour cream, Greek yogurt, or heavy cream- that firm up in the refrigerator to create a â€Å"no-bake cheesecake.† Cheesecake is Technically Pie, Not Cake While its called cheesecake because cheesecake is generally unleavened and usually has a crust- whether that crust is baked or not- its is really a form of pie. Most baked cheesecakes use a custard base for filling comprised of milk, eggs, sugar, salt, and vanilla or other flavorings. The standard cheesecake recipe has the addition of cream cheese but allows for variations in the type of crust, other flavorings, such as chocolate, and a variety of toppings that range from fruit to nuts to candy. Another misconception about cheesecake is that it has to be sweet. The French classic, quiche, is for all intents and purposes a savory cheesecake. You can find any number of recipes for savory cheese pies from countries across Europe and throughout the United States.

The Development of the Professional Engineer Essay

The Development of the Professional Engineer - Essay Example epartment of Innovation (2009) states that Engineering Council maintains a set of standards that the chartered engineers are expected to follow; these recognized standards are meant for professional outcomes and ethical conduct in the industry. These standards help to ensure the employers that their engineers have confidence in their knowledge areas and have the required expertise. There are a list of member institutions who have been authorized to assess engineers for registration for this recognized title; Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIOB), Institution of Engineering and Technology etc. Finch (2008) stated in her article that according to the ICE website, there were 79,432 members recorded in 2006. A chartered engineer is required to portray a standard of performance and possess a commendable level of expertise in his field. ICE 3005 Development Objectives (2009) states that in order to acquire the title; one should follow a set of development objectives that will serve as a planning tool for learning and acquiring the desired level of expertise. These development objectives are not any assurance of the membership of the institution, but provide a strong base and foundation on the basis of which one can be confident when the level of expertise is to be judged by the professionals [2]. Fig.1 gives the membership process that is followed by ICE: In the above figure, it can be seen that ICE proposes two approaches for membership. One approach is through the individual himself and the other one is ICE approved company scheme. The common thing in both of these approaches is that development objectives are given utmost importance. If an individual comes for the ICE ‘Training under Agreement’ then a supervisor (SCE) will be appointed to him/her to help him and guide him through the process of increasing his knowledge and level of professionalism. On the other hand if the individual is not under any

Business strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business strategic management - Essay Example 4). They were so focused about directly creating revenues and profits and there was little understanding on how to generate competitive advantage in particular. In years were competition is becoming fierce in the global business, competitive advantage is a must. A company should aim to be a cut above the other. It is in this reason that strategic planning is necessary. Corporate strategies are needed. In the midst of tough competition, companies could not afford to drop their chances to move in the right direction. Thus, businesses are able to grasp once again the importance of strategic management. They are once again trying to sort out their business by cows, dogs, stars and question marks. However, this seems to be classical in nature. The strategic management comes back with substantial interaction with customers and suppliers. In other words, the saturated focus on production approach just to be able to achieve higher revenues and profits was gone.

Diverse Culture- Guleri and Veronica Essay Example for Free

Diverse Culture- Guleri and Veronica Essay Compare and contrast the female characters Veronica in Veronica and Guleri in A Stench of Kerosene. In this essay both female characters in Veronica and A Stench of Kerosene will be examined for similarities and differences in their culture and traditions. When you read these two stories the three things that stand out is their culture, tradition and the theme of love. The story teaches us that sometimes tradition gets in the way of life. It can sometimes control your life or sometimes not. In both the stories, the women hold on tightly to their traditions. The authors are not just talking about their family traditions but the global tradition of fertility and obedience. The main characters in these stories are Veronica and Guleri. This essay portrays about the roles of women. Although there are a lot of similarities between them on the surface but there are more concealed. In both the stories, the main belief in the female characters is their culture. Throughout the stories it shows us how important their culture is to them and how their society forces them to do certain actions that occasionally leads to a persons death as seen in A Stench of Kerosene. Veronica and Guleri both live in male dominated countries, which make females seen by everyone as inferior. The story of Veronica is told in first person by Okeke who is Veronicas childhood friend and the I in the story. The story of A Stench of Kerosene is told in third person by an omniscient narrator. The author of Veronica is Adewale Maja-Pearce and he was brought up in Nigeria, the same place as Veronica was. Maja- Pearce later returned to London, as this was his place of birth so that he could supplement his education. In Veronica, the person narrating the story, Okeke can be compared to Adewale Maja- Pearce as he grew up in the same surroundings as him and also the same education and they lead similar lives. The author of A Stench of Kerosene is Amrita Pritam and she was brought up in India which later became Pakistan, then she moved to New Delhi so that she could begin writing in Hindi. She had very unhappy experiences of marriage and divorce, this links with Guleri in A Stench of Kerosene as Guleri can not have any children and her husband marries again agreeing to his mother so that he can have children and this makes Guleri depressed and broken hearted which then leads to her gruesome death as her mother-in-law controls everything that goes on with Manak and Guleri. Manaks mother is an important force, though scarcely comes in as character. Veronica and Guleri both grew up in fairly rural areas of the country where they were reasonably poverty and war. But the only dissimilarity in their surroundings is that Veronica is in the country with troubled political history. The country has been torn apart by divisions between tribes and political groups, suffering massacres and civil war. As a result, financial development within the country has been limited and the rural areas have been badly affected by poverty. The characters in these stories have much resemblance in their personalities in the way they lead their lives even though both stories are set in very different countries. The author use comparable and diverse techniques to present and show their characteristics. Veronica is a very unfortunate woman who grew up in her native village. She lived with her susceptible mother, abusive and alcoholic father and other young siblings who have not been mentioned much throughout the story. On the other hand, Guleri lived in the village in India with her husband Manak and her mother-in-law. She had no children but was content with her life. Manak and Guleri had a much fulfilled marriage until her mother- in-law interfered by forcing her son to marry another woman so that she accomplishes her vision of being a grandmother and ruining Manak and Guleris life. The central theme of the story is the conflict between a mans love for his wife and the obligation to have children. The major cultural issue concerns a man taking a second wife in order to do this. The author tells us that this practice of burning oneself for escapism is not unusual in certain parts of India but was very prominent. Guleri lives with her husband and her moth-in-law. It was pointed out that Manak was satisfied with his fate and didnt want to marry again as most people around the country would have. Veronica cooked and served for her family. She married at a young age to a soldier and lived happily. Later on, she gave birth to a son. She is a very strong-willed person and is very content with her life. The physical appearances of both the female characters are not quite similar. Okeke describes Veronica, as no great beauty she still had a certain attractiveness that I knew would appeal to men. This is a very uncertain view as no one can be good looking and unattractive at the same time, they contradict with each other. Veronica being described as shabby may have been because of her surroundings and her lifestyle that has influenced her to be that way. Guleris physical features are barely described throughout the story. But when it reads they had bartered their hearts to each other an assumption that can be made from this is that Guleri must have been a very attractive woman as no one falls in love at first sight if the woman is unappealing. Also, as Guleri has never given birth before, she must have had a slim figure. Veronica is very comfortable with her life accepts the fact that shes married to a soldier rather than being in the city with Okeke. She lives in the same hut as she used to when she grew up and she had never changed. She is like a slave first to her father and then to her marriage to her husband. She is pleased with what she does and doesnt complain about it much but if she had the opportunity to raise her voice she would have probably had a say in what she desires to accomplish in life. They are my family and this is enough, this is a line of Veronicas low expectations. She feels her family is everything she needs and nothing else would have the same satisfactory. Guleri on the other hand is very childishly stubborn and always wants everything her way. She is portrayed similar to a little girl. Guleri is a happy go lucky person and loves her life. Manak and Guleri are expressed as a happy couple and care about each other. In Veronica culture is a main portion of her life. Her life was about tradition. When she refuses to go to the city with Okeke and says that it will be harder for her as she is a woman and she isnt educated enough. God blessed us with a son. Is that not enough? this explains that Veronica is always the same after a long period of time that the two have been apart. She is still surviving in the squalor of a village of which Okeke had once lived. The low expectations of Veronica have for herself, compared to the high expectations Okeke has for himself throughout for story, shows us that this is a male dominated country. The social expectations demonstrate this too. Veronica is very stubborn and it shines through the story. Veronicas life was all about the tradition. Guleris dignity is the main view of her life. Her life was all about Manak and her parents village. She always liked being the centre of attention. After Manak got married again, Guleri couldnt believe the situation she was in the middle of. She did not have to express her distress and jealousy in words. The look on her face was enough. But her husband Manak did not do anything about the circumstances. Her husband pulled out his hookah and closed his eyes. Hookah is a tobacco pipe with a long, flexible tube by which the smoke is drawn through a jar of water and thus cooled. He seemed as if he either did not like the tobacco or that he could not bear to face his wife. In this short story, Guleris character shines winning the sympathy of the readers. Guleri, a cheerful girl coming from a well-to-do family and her marriage to Manak, her failure to give Manaks family a son, creates a terrific situation for her tragic end and the readers immediate sympathy is with the heroine of the story, Guleri. She was the pleasant young girl who ended her life with an extremely disastrous manner. Indian culture is such that a married woman should bring a son to the family. If a woman fails to fulfill this role, she is not successful, in marriage and therefore rejected. Thus Manaks mother escapes a reasonable percentage of getting accused for bringing a second wife for her son, Manak. Not that she hated Guleri, but Indian culture had influenced her to extremes of believing in the gift of a son to the family. On the other hand, Guleris family was rich and wanted a man from a good family, for their daughter. But Guleris father was prosperous and lived in cities. He had sworn that he would not take money for his daughter, but would give her to a worthy man from a good family. Guleri failing to give Manaks family a son and having to wait seven years and even the sad end to her life could have been sad even from the early days of her marriage. In India, the mother is supposed to be the representation of Indian culture. A mother enjoys an important place, if she is able to fulfill a mothers part meeting with the expectations of motherhood; these being the customs and traditions of Indian culture. Manak playing his flute as they walked or were at the fair, made Guleri feel that the music brought her joy, taking her closer to Manaks heart. Thus the flute standing as a symbol of joy in their lives. He looked at her sadly. Then putting the flute to his lips blew a strange and anguished wail. Striking the signal of the tragedy and anticipating the tragic end. Bhavani announcing the sad end of Guleri, when she heard of your second marriage she soaked her clothes in kerosene and set fire to them. Manak getting mute with pain. He stared a long time uncomprehending, his face as usual expressionless. Therefore the death of Guleri could be called cultural violence in Indian society, though not recognized as violence; in reality it is a violent act leading to death of a person. In the short story, A Stench of Kerosene the writer, point out in simple diction the theme of the theme of violence present in the culture of Indian society. Amrita Pritam gives a clear picture of the episodes with the appropriate choice of a family setting and the intended aim and view of marriage in typical Indian society. The family setting of the extended family, this can be compared to Veronica as her father beats her and was bullied by her father while she was growing up. In Veronica, Okeke felt responsibility for his death, as so feels an extreme guilt as he did not come back to her from the cities more often and persuade her more to go with him and if he had done this enough, she would have agreed at some point to go to the city. Manak with this haunting event trapped in his mind leaving every joyful moment with his new wife feeling guilty instead of happiness after the tragedy of his former wife and the manner and circumstances he had married her. Amrita Pritam shows us how this guilt has not only affected his life but his mind and senses at the same time as it reads in the last line of the story when he holds the new born baby of his second wife when it is given to him, he says; Take him away! He stinks of kerosene! this portrays that the baby symbolizes the death of his former wife and the baby being brought to this world has made his former wife leave it. In both the stories we should pity Veronica and Guleri, as they were just victims of death. Veronica physically dies against her own rule and Guleri mentally felt that she could not live no more. Therefore, the main two women, in both the stories suffered the main tragedies. The reader may also have felt pity that Veronica was unable to prevent being born into a sexist and poor culture, which caused her to live her life with the tragic ending. Manak was also a victim, not of death but of guilt as he was taunted by the events of his wife and the evidence at the end of the story proves this as he thinks his child smells of kerosene, which is the liquid that caused his previous wife to burn to death. This proves that his future with his new wife will be very hard to cope with.

The Experiment :: essays research papers

The Experiment The Experiment was written based off the moral war between whether or no cloning is right. It involves three main people: Jude, Skyler and Tizzie. Jude is a newspaper reporter and has been dating Tizzie for quite awhile. Tizzie is a doctor who studies twins and the different types. Jude was doing a newspaper article and that was how he met Tizzie. He had to get information for the article and was told that Tizzie was the person to talk to when it came to twins. She happened to be a highly recognized doctor in that field. While all of this is going on in New York, Skyler, Jude’s clone, is living on an island with many other clones, even though they don’t know they’re clones. Skyler and his best friend discover that something happening on the island was wrong and dangerous. They plan on an escape, but Skyler’s friend dies in the attempt. Skyler grows up there and falls in love with one of the females on the island who happened to be Tizzie’s clone. Sk yler and Tizzie’s clone decide that they want to find out what has really been going on, on that island for so long. They dig through the offices trying to find just the smallest bit of information that could help them in their search. One day Skyler was out and felt that something was amiss. So that no one would know of Skyler and the girl’s search they conjured up a way to secretly communicate when to meet each other and where. It involved a rock, a tree and where the rock was place by the tree. Well, when Skyler got the chance he went to check on the rock because he hadn’t seen his love in a very long time. Later he finds out that she was killed in â€Å"The Lab† with all of her organs taken. He managed to escape the island and make it to the mainland. After a long while he made his way to New York and found out that he looked exactly like a man he saw in the newspaper†¦ Jude. Meanwhile, Jude has his own struggles with being stalked by large men w ith white streaks in their hair. One night, Skyler finds out where Jude lives and decides to take a visit. Just is very startled when he first meets him, but gradually gets use to the idea that they were either twins or clones.